Historical Periods Colonial America, Depression And The...

INTRODUCTION As you will see in this paper, mental illness has been a serious situation for many years. Over the years, there have been different thoughts relating to the causes of mental illness including what the actual situation is and observance of how to treat the mentally ill. This paper will inform you of three different historical periods: Colonial America, Depression the New Deal and War Prosperity in which an important aspect of mental health happened in each. I will include some religious and economic information for each period due to the relationship that religion and economy had to the way mental illness was viewed and treated in those periods. COLONIAL AMERICA 1647 to 1776 was a time of growth in America, during this time colonist emigrated from Europe to America for several reasons, such as the hope to find relief from the war and rebellion occupying Europe, the chance to find bigger farms to make money, and most of all the chance to have religious freedom (â€Å"The Thirteen American Colonies† n.d.). Religious freedom was a very important part of the colonists’ lives and culture. According to â€Å"Religion and the Founding of the American Republic†, between 1700 and 1740, an estimated 75 to 80 percent of the population attended churches, which were being built at a headlong pace. Economically, during this time, many of the colonist’s occupations were farmers living off their land. Also during this time there was the social injustice of slavery, but only theShow MoreRelated The Impact of United States Rule on Puerto Rico Essay2262 Words   |  10 PagesStates first took Puerto Rico from Spain , its plans concerning what to do with the island appeared to be noble. According to Fernandez, The United States would resurrect Puerto Rico, like Lazurus, creating, in Senator Foraker?s words, ?a new era?a new life?and prosperity far exceeding any hopes that have been excited or any anticipations that have been entertained.?(Fernandez 2) In other words, the United States viewed Puerto Rico as something that had to be saved, and claimed that their plan was toRead MoreThe Economy Of The United States Of America3174 Words   |  13 PagesThe economy of the United States of America PRESENTATION Location Bounded on the north by Canada, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico and the Republic of Mexico and west by the Pacific Ocean. 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Marketing Plan For Wal Mart - 2192 Words

This marketing plan’s overall message is to communicate to consumers that Wal-Mart is becoming an industry leader in selling organic foods. This plan should show consumers that Wal-Mart is taking a step forward in their corporate social responsibility and still sticking to their main strategy of always providing the lowest prices. The first specific strategy for this marketing campaign is to have 100% of regular Wal-Mart customers to be aware that Wal-Mart has a new and improved organic section. This goal should be achieved within six months of the campaign being launched. This campaign is designed for every consumer to be aware that Wal-Mart is moving towards the growing business of selling organic foods. The consumer should also be given reasons why Wal-Mart is re-launching a brand new organic section. Employees who interact with consumers should always try to let the consumer know of Wal-Mart’s new efforts to invest in foods that are produced through environmentally friendly practices. This should be achievable through the marketing tactics that are used. The second goal that this marketing campaign should achieve is to make all organic foods in US stores 25% cheaper by the beginning of the relaunch than similar organic items in other stores. The New York Times did an article in 2014 about how Wal-Mart was going to expand their organic section and they planned on undercutting competitors’ price offering similar organic food products by 25% or more. The plan at the timeShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For Wal Mart Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is considered to be the second largest retailer in the U.S after Wal-Mart. Target founded in 1902 by George Dayton and the first Target store was opened in Minnesota, USA in 1962. 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One idea that was implemented was to market and sell upscale, trendy clothing and unique merchandise at discounted prices.6 This strategy, known as the â€Å"cheap-chic† strategy, focused on providing good quality clothing from various well known designers and fancyRead MoreMarketing Plan For Wal Mart1849 Words   |  8 PagesSam Walton opened his first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962. Sam Walton wanted to build a foundation for his store. His idea was the lowest prices anytime, anywhere. In 1969 the stores became incorporated and 1970 Sam Walton decided to pursue national growth. The company became a public ly traded company in 1970 with an opening stock price of $16.50 per share. In 1980 Wal-Mart reached one billion dollars in annual sales, faster than any other company at that time (Jan 2015). OverRead MoreEssay about Wal-Mart 5 Year Marketing Plan5236 Words   |  21 PagesFive-Year Strategic Marketing Plan Wal-Mart Inc. 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Commercial Life in Pompeii Free Essays

Commercial Life in Pompeii and Herculaneum Historians have debated the nature of Pompeian economy – whether it was based on agriculture or trade. Some see the Roman empire in modern terms as one vast single market where demand drove up prices and productivity stimulated trade to a never before seen level (residue of pollution can be found in Greenland’s ice-cap and the many ship wrecks indicating the large volume of sea borne traffic). Other historians see Roman economy as ‘primitive’ based primarily on agriculture and the main aim of any community was to feed itself, with trade as the icing on the cake (based on the risky and costly sea travel, lack of banking system, social mores for respectability being against trade and laws forbidding senators and their sons from owning trade ships) (Beard pp. We will write a custom essay sample on Commercial Life in Pompeii or any similar topic only for you Order Now 152-3)[i]. More likely it was a combination of the two scenarios. Pompeii, unlike the quieter fishing/resort town of Herculaneum, can be seen to be a bustling commercial centre, a town where making a profit and accumulating wealth was regarded as being favoured by the gods. This picture is based on evidence such as: * High number of privately owned shops, workshops, bars and inns, about 600 excavated * The markets around the Forum * The epigraphic (written) evidence of the guilds of tradesmen and retailers * The roughly 20 maritime warehouses amp; buildings lined with wine jars * Paintings of cargo boats on the Sarno River and porters carrying products to be loaded onto vessels * Trade signs advertise goods and services * Inscriptions on walls and floors on the benefits of making profit, eg. welcome gain† in the impluvium of the house of a carpenter * Images of Mercury, the God of commerce displayed The economies of Vesuvian towns were based on agricultural production (grain, grapes, olives and sheep) and fishing. The wealthiest families owned large houses in the city and also estates in the country side which were run and worked by freedmen and slaves . There were numerous medium-sized farms and villa rusticae as well as market gardens inside the walls of Pompeii occupying 10% of the town so far) that provided daily needs (wine, oil, cereals, fruit, vegetables, meat and wool). The fishing fleets of Herculaneum were large (based on the volume of fishing nets, hooks etc found) and supplied fresh seafood and the garum industry. These industries would’ve needed subsidiary industries too, such as pottery that was needed for the storage and export of products. From the evidence found in the Pompeii there were 50 occupations other than farming ii]. There is a good argument to be made for the fact that Pompeii would’ve had enough surplus product for export – ancient writers associated the area with wine, as well as onions and cabbage. Also, numerous pottery jars have been found far from Pompeii, such as off the coast of Cannes (in France) stamped with the name Lasius an Oscan name with well-known members of the family from Pompeii; wine jars stamped with the name Eumachus have been found in Carthage, Spain and France. Inside Pompeian houses jars have been found stamped with their origins (perhaps ready for distribution or sale) such as Spain, Crete and Rhodes. Microscopic analysis of containers in Pompeii has shown evidences of spices (such as pepper and cumin) as well as Egyptian glassware and Gallic bowls and pottery lamps (90 and 40 respectively still packed in their crates). Thus Beard reasons that â€Å"however small by comparison with the great trading centres of Puteoli or Rome, Pompeii’s port must’ve been a thriving, international and multilingual little place. † (Beard p. 162) Villa rustica in Boscoreale | Drawing of an olive press, for first pressing| Wine press, from Herculaneum| Wine and oil industries: Wine and oil were the main sources of income for people in the Vesuvian area, though only wealthy landowners could afford the outlay needed to set up and maintain these industries as the oil presses were costly and the long wait between planting and harvest. Large quantities of wine don’t appear to have been stored in bars or even inside the city, but brought in from the villas when needed which were stored large dolia â€Å"completely or partially buried in the ground thus protecting them from the weather† according to Pliny (Natural History 14). At the Villa of Pisanella at Boscoreale there was an nternal courtyard with 120 dolia that could hold up to 50,000 litres of wine which was transported in leather wineskins and decanted into amphorae for storage or serving in the thermopolia. Advertisements show there were a wide variety of types and vintages of wine on sale, Pliny said that Vesuvian wines were â€Å"injurious because of the hangover they cause, which persist s until noon the following day. † The same estates also produced olive oil which was used for a variety of uses including cooking, lighting, washing and the production of perfume. Most of the pressing was done on estates in a two-step process – rubbing the olives to remove the skin and pips and then pressing them in the same press as used for wine to extract the oil. The manufacture of Garum:Pompeii was renowned for its garum, a fish sauce which was one of the main condiments used for flavouring Roman food. There were various types and qualities made from the guts and left overs of fish (such as red mullet, tuna, mackerel, sardines and anchovies) which was salted and left to ferment for a month. There is no evidence of equipment needed for production within the city itself, only dolia for distribution have been found (based on the small bones found at the bottom). The wealthiest families had a monopoly on the manufacture of garum and then sold it to street retailers or prepared it for export. | Garum jar in mosaic from the villa of Aulus Umbricius Scaurus, Pompeii, an ‘advertisement’ on the floor of his atrium. | Cloth manufacture and treatment: Wool was the basis for one of the most important industries in Pompeii – the washing and dyeing of wool and the manufacture of cloth, as well as the laundering, bleaching and re-colouring of clothes. The raw wool was first degreased by boiling in leaden boilers, then once it was carded it was sent to spinners and weavers in private homes or shops and then it was coloured (often in bright colours such as purple and saffron) before distribution to cloth merchants. There have been 18 fullonicae (laundries) found in Pompeii and are identified by the series of interconnected basins or tanks with built in steps for washing and rinsing. Workers trod the cloth in a mixture of potash, carbonate of soda and urine (collected in jugs from the inhabitants of the town! ). Four fulleries were large and the rest have been found as part of private homes. The Fuller’s guild may have been a powerful organisation within the city. Fullery of Stephanus| Brushing the nap| Fullers standing in vats| An advertisement for the Fullonica of Stephani – cloth press| Fresco from the fullonica (fuller’s shop) of Veranius Hypsaeus in Pompeii| Pistrina (Bakeries) There have been more than 30 pistrina found in Pompeii easily identified by their mills and ovens, some bakeries did the whole process from milling the grain whilst others prepared loaves from ready prepared flour. Lava stone mills were turned by donkeys and the flour collected at the bottom. The flour was then kneaded at a table, shaped into circles, scored into wedges and baked in a stone oven. In Herculaneum a baker known as Sextus Patulcus Felix appears have specialised in cakes as 25 bronze pans of various sizes from 10 to 25 cm diameter were found. In the Bakery of the Chaste Lovers there is a two roomed shop, a bakery with large oven (that had a large repaired crack, and smaller newer cracks), four mills (though only one was operational at the time of eruption) and a dining room (a very large triclunium). The remains of seven donkeys in their stables were found which suggests that bread was also delivered. The large number of animals (who were expensive to keep) also indicates that the owners of the bakery had intention of returning it to full operating output (Beard pp. 174-7). Bakery of Modesto, Pompeii, where 81 loaves were found still ‘baking’ in the oven! |   | Tabernae (Shops) Tabernae are usually translated as shops or workshops and they are found along main roads along the street front with wide open fronts that were part of insulae and integrated into the town rather than in ‘commercial zones’ as in modern town planning. Owners would live above the shop, called cenacula, accessed by stairs. An example is Insula Arriana Polliana – the white sections are an elite residence whilst the grey sections are shops (eg. 1-3 ;amp; 2-4), domus (eg. 7, 9 ;amp;10) and upper floor apartments (accessed at 18, 19, 6, 8 ;amp; 10a) available for rent. About 200 public eating and drinking places have been identified in Pompeii identified by their open fronts and the counters with dolia set into them. Though there was no ‘zoning’, there is a cluster of shops at three of the gates into the city (northern entrance of the Her culaneum Gate, to the south the Vesuvius ;amp; Stabian Gates) as well as on a 600m stretch of the Via dell’ Abbondanza. Shop and workshop owners advertised their businesses with painted signs or painting on the outside of walls. Inns and bars did continue service into the night with lamps as lighting but there is also the evidence of the wood shutters put in place for when shops did close. One of the largest tabernae found at Herculaneum opposite the Palestra had two entrances and had eight large jars set into the counter, other amphorae that may have been used for oil or sauce and a stove behind the counter that had terracotta casseroles warming over a charcoal fire. One wine bar or tavern on Via dell’ Abbondanza in Pompeii was owned by a woman named Asellina who employed foreign waitresses named Zmyrina, Maria and Aegle (some believe they are prostitutes) has sums showing customers’ debts written on the insides of the walls of her inn and on the outside there are political slogans which may reveal her interest in politics or an ancient version of a slur campaign against a candidate. The walls of Pompeii’s inns also provide evidence for what activities occurred there, one painting shows customers seated below hanging hams and sausages, a sign reads â€Å"if you’re going to fight, get out! ; while the bill for one customer ambiguously lists the cost of a girl, bed and fodder for his mule (Butterworth ;amp; Laurence p. 280)[iii]. There were also hotels where visitors to Pompeii could rent a room, either close to the port or clustered around the northern and southern Gates. One building named Hotel of the Muses on the ba nks of the Sarno River had a small jetty, 8 triclinia with brilliant frescoes and a large kitchen that is estimated could feed 50 guests. Other Industries: In Pompeii there is evidence of workshops of carpenters, plumbers, wheelwrights, tanners, tinkers, ironmongers, gold/ silver/bronze/coppersmiths, marble-workers, stonemasons, gem-cutters and glassmakers, tanneries, cobblers, painters and weavers. Many of these industries seem to have been conducted from a room in the home (based on finds of tools) or on the streets (based on paintings of street life). Metal working seems to have been big business in Pompeii as there is a profusion of metal implements all over the town. A few small workshops and retail outlets have been found, however only one forge has been uncovered so far, just outside the Vesuvian Gate. Historians also do not know where the raw materials came from. Pottery also must have been a large industry as so many activities required pottery vessels, though only two small potters’ premises (one of which was a specialist lamp maker) have been found within the walls. Perhaps the fire hazards of metal work and firing pottery meant that they had workshops outside the town. One luxury industry was perfume production – a combination of olive oil and flowers or spices. There are large gardens (for example the Garden of the Fugitives and the Garden of Hercules) that some historians believe to be for the growing of flowers for perfume and fragments of small terracotta and glass containers found there. Wall paintings in the House of the Vetti portray olives and flowers being pressed to extract the oil in wooden mills; another scene shows a woman seated with her feet on a cushion as sales assistants dab perfumes on her hand from a selection on display in a tiered cabinet. Butterworth ;amp; Laurence p. 272) Bronze oil lamp of the god Priapus, from Pompeii| Blue glassware from Pompeii| Replica oil lamp, Pompeii| Silver vessels from Pompeii| Word Bank: Forum, industries, main, foreign, noon, only, seafood, expensive, hazards, guests, open, tanks, olives, from, uncovered, street, god, eating, delivered, urine, room, full, traffic, easily, guts, Sarno, expo rt, lamps, high, stone, slogans, plumbers, serving, in, economy, spices, cloth, two, lass, painted, lighting, advertising, slaves, one, packed, lived, bones, display, behind, flowers, boiling, hooks, gates, luxury, loaves, prices, feed, debts, trade, integrated, repaired, combination, estates, counters, sauce, donkeys, within, powerful, vegetables, month, far, large, sausages, farming, dolia, wealth, jars, harvest, purple, jars, business [i] Beard, Pompeii – Life of a Roman town London, Profile Books, 2008 [ii] Bradley Cities of Vesuvius – Pompeii and Herculaneum Cambridge Uni Press, Melbourne, 2006, Chapter 6 [iii] Butterworth ;amp; Laurence Pompeii – The Living City London, Orion Publishing Group, 2006 How to cite Commercial Life in Pompeii, Essays

First Act of The Crucible Essay Example For Students

First Act of The Crucible Essay The first words the Crucible of this play serve as an excellent guide to the forthcoming events of paranoia and hysteria. A crucible is an object, in which materials, often metals, are heated to extreme temperatures where they are then purified. This play shows a community in Salem, Massachusetts in the late 17th century, which ignites, and burns with accusations of witchcraft, retribution, and mass hysteria. In this essay however, I will explore the first act of the play, which forms a strong foundation for the events that are soon to spiral out of control. The first act deals with all the main characters that symbolise the ideas dealt with within the play. I shall discuss each of the characters in turn and the role that they play in The Crucible. In my opinion, it is use of characters that makes a play effective, and it is important that the reader can relate to them. In this play, without the complexity of the characters and their motives, I believe that The Crucible would not have such tensions, and the heights of such intensity would not be reached by the accusations of witchcraft. The setting that Miller chooses for this play is particularly important. Miller establishes at the start of Act One that life in Salem is very rigid and has a close-knit society. This quality of the society in Salem makes it particularly receptive to the mass hysteria of the witch trials that are soon to follow. Salem was governed by religious power, as it describes at the beginning of Act One the people of Salem developed a theocracy material or ideological enemies. They desired to be protected from the outside world, and therefore the community became a very close one in which secrets could not lie hidden for any period of time. Conflicts had been repressed and thanks to the accusations these long held hatreds of neighbours could not be openly expressed, and vengeance taken. In order to understand the circumstances that are witnessed in The Crucible, we must look beyond. In humans quest to know everything in the universe, and explain every event precisely, people become desperate to learn the truth. This forces people to turn to the supernatural, and confront the devil. In Act One, the issues are presented straight away with religion, the work of God, and the supernatural, the work of the Devil, going hand in hand. The first example of this turning to the supernatural is Susanna Walcott saying, You might look to unnatural things for the cause of it. She says this after barely a page of the play, giving the reader a taste of what is to come. I think that the implantation of the issue of religion and the supernatural are reflected in the characters, and that this contributes to the conflict throughout the entire play. In order to understand the strong conflicts that emerge between the characters, it is necessary to learn of their backgrounds and the past. Miller deals with this very well, not only relying upon the dialogue, situation and setting but a number of passages that familiarize the reader to the characters backgrounds. Indeed in the First Act, there are many historical digressions that cannot be conveyed through theatrical devices. There are three characters that represent the supernatural and its uncontrollable qualities, with three characters that oppose the witchcraft accusations. Reverend Hale is probably the most complex character due to his contradictory beliefs, and his ability to change sides. Firstly, I will deal with the characters that instigate the witch trials in Salem. Miller chooses the Reverend Samuel Parris to be the man who symbolises the paranoia that characterise the trials. .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .postImageUrl , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:hover , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:visited , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:active { border:0!important; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:active , .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130 .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e50065ad5202d7a77c40bf4ea2a0130:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: From Sendak's kitchen: the author and illustrator has cooked up a hearty menu for children EssayMiller establishes Parris as a materialistic man whose main concern is his reputation and status in the community. We can tell this from Parris asking for the deeds to his house unlike any preacher before him. He explains, saying, I want a mark of confidence majority feels the whim. He is a man generally disliked in the community. This is due to his preaching of hellfire and bloody damnation. With the presence of witchcraft looming, Parris now has a concrete manifestation of the evil he fears. The second character that serves as a catalyst to the mass hysteria and paranoia is Thomas Putnam, and to a lesser extent his wife. Thomas Putnam shows that his motivation is in his long-standing grudges against others. The witchcraft trials give Putnam an opportunity to exact revenge against others under the cover of the accusations. We are told in Millers information about Putnam, that a mysterious faction had stopped his wifes brother-in-law from ministry. He feels himself to be intellectually superior in the community, and his vindictive nature has been proved. His wife is quick to assume that the cause of Bettys illness is witchcraft, and is described as a twisted soul, haunted by dreams. The last and the main accuser of witchcraft is Abigail Williams. Miller quickly establishes Abigail as a pretender, or a strikingly beautiful girl, with an endless capacity for dissembling. She demonstrates a great ability for self-preservation: she admits what she must at times, and places the blame for her actions on the most convenient source, in this case Tituba. An excellent example is given within the First Act, when Abigail says, I always hear her laughing in my sleep. I hear her singing her Barbados songs and tempting me with-. Her motivations lie at the bottom of the accusations that grip Salem. It is therefore important that Miller establishes early on in Act One her affair with John Proctor, a character yet to be mentioned. All the accusations grow from her desire to displace Goody Proctor as John Proctors wife. She originally wants to use the witchcraft trials to achieve her aim, but soon finds that the trials serve as an escape valve for others hidden motives. She finds this to her disadvantage at the end of the play after John Proctor himself is accused and is hung.

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buy custom The Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations essay During the development of Mesopotamia and Egyptian cultures, other cultures developed in Greece, Italy, Asia Minor coasts, in Cyprus, Crete, and the Cycladic Islands, and the Aegean Sea beaches (McNeese 56). However, the cultures that emerged to be the most developed are Minoan and Mycenaean cultures. These two civilizations were influenced by Asia and Egypt, but each civilization maintained their uniqueness. The Minoan civilization is the most ancient culture of the Aegean cultures; it grew among the Europe, Africa and Asia crossroads, and it was named after King Minos, who was the founder of the neighboring dynasty in 2000 BCE (Scarre, and Stefoff 25). The Mycenaean culture developed during the Late Bronze Age on the Mycenae Hill in Greece mainland; later, this culture became more powerful and rich, and replaced the Minoan civilization; they took control of the Minoan trade routes in Crete and Aegean Islands (McNeese 142). The Mycenaean had a unique way of life, however, it was partly influenced by the Minoan style of life; this was because they produced pitchers which had Minoan elements, they also learnt metalwork, which was done by the Minoans and employed many Minoan workers and stayed with them for long periods (McNeese 169). This paper discusses similarities and differences between these two civilizations. Religion According to the inscriptions found in Mycenaean and Knossos cities, written in Linear B script on tablets, the Mycenaean worshiped gods. The names of the gods were Posedone, the Greek god Poseidon, Atana, the Greek goddess Athena, Zeus, who appeared as Diuja and was identified as the god of sky (Dietrich 116). They also had other gods such as Marineus, Diwia, Komawenteia and Dirimijo, however, the Mycenaeans main god was Poseidon. The Mycenaean, believed in supernatural gods, they perceived these gods as unique and according to Mycenaean, their gods were not omnipotent, they did not know everything and were not found everywhere (Dietrich 213). However, their abilities were considered as greater than human power; they could foresee the future, as well as interfere with human actions. The Mycenaeans gods were also considered to have feeling, love and could fight just like human beings. The Minoan, like the Mycenaean, worshiped many gods, which were headed by one god; they worshiped a snake, a dove and other objects such as double axes, horns and bulls. All the gods were headed by the snake goddess, who was considered as a universal mother, goddess of crops, animals, sea, land, weather, fertility, birth and death. The goddess was also a source of food and brought curses and blessings to the people. However, according to Dietrich, the Minoan gods, contrary to the Mycenaean, had no human feelings, and they could not love and fight, but just like the Mycenaean, the Minoan gods were assumed to have greater power than human power, and they could foresee the future, as well as interfere with human actions (Dietrich 326). Unlike the Mycenaean, which had a male god, the Minoan had only female gods, and according to the researcher, the Minoan goddesses represented only one goddess. The religious worship for both Mycenaean and Minoan was held in temples, palaces, courtyards, houses, caves and mountain peaks. Architecture Mycenaean civilization had similar building and miniature designs to those from Mesopotamia. However, the building techniques were similar to those of Minoan; they sed post and beams in most of their constructions. The Mycenaean builders expressed their creativeness through developing and building new forms of building from the existing ones. The important structure among the Mycenaean and Minoans are the tholos tombs, palaces and residential houses. Tholos Tombs In the earlier years, Minoan buried the dead in cave; they changed this to cemeteries during the middle period, and this was also changed to rectangular burial structure. Each had a burial structure where it buried the dead; the structure was used for over hundred years, first, they buried in the ground, and the bones were later transferred to the tombs (McNeese 148). The most common burial structure among the Minoan was the tholos; this was a circular stone tomb built in a hill slope or the ground, and designed with a dome shape with 4-13 meters diameter and a thickness of 0.7-2.5 meters. An example of tholos is Tholos A, a tomb that was found in the Phourni cemetery; it had a long entrance corridor, and the inside wall was coated with stone (McNeese 154). The lintel of the entrance was positioned at the ground level, and beneath the lintel was a grave. The tholos tombs of the Mycenaean, like the Minoan tholos, were built in hills, and had a dome shape; the royal family members were buried in these tombs. According to McNeese, the tholos structures of the Mycenaean were influenced by the smaller tholos of Minoan civilization; initially they were built in gravel, however, with time, they started building them in ashlar stones (McNeese 159). An example of the Mycenaean tholos was the Minyas treasury house and Atreus treasury house found in Greece, the ground plan of these tholos resembled that of the Minoan tholos. Palaces Like the Minoan, the Mycenaean architecture emphasized more on the palaces than temples. However, a Mycenaean palace looked more like a fortress while a Minoan palace looked like a labyrinth. The fortification was because of the foreign invasions, and its outline was based on the topography with the outline of the walls following the natural site contour, thus creating a barrier for invaders (Ireland 104). The example of the fortification architecture can be found in Tiryns and Mycenae. The Mycenaean palace was laid along a tough axis, and was built as a one-story building with walls surrounded by massive stones; this was different from the palaces of the Minoan, which were built as two-story structures (Ireland 316). The Mycenaean and Minoan had similar inside walls; they were plastered, and then decorated with frescoes. In the Minoan palace the focus was placed more on the large inner courtyard, while the in the Mycenaean palace the emphasis was put on the megaron; the megaron was considered as a center for worship and was used for the coronation and. The megaron in the Minoan palace did not receive much attention but was used for ceremonial purposes; it had a round hearth, with a quadratic plan of four columns, which supported the ceiling with an opening for smoke (McNeese 246). The megaron in both Mycenaean and Minoan civilization had corridors, which sometimes opened to additional rooms. Residential Buildings The Minoan residential houses were designed as urban houses; most of them were one-story, but there were also two and three-story. This was a contrast to the Mycenaean hhouses, which were built in a shape like that of a megaron; the entrance of the house was shaped like a deep portico with lines leading to the central door that lead into the residence (Ireland 209). The house back was designed as an apse, it had a half-circle shaped base; however, it was mostly rectangular in shape. The residential houses of the two civilizations were different in design, but the building materials were similar; the walls of these houses were built of gravel or stone, and the upper section was built of mud, and the ceiling was made of wood (McNeese 215). The Cities Most of the Minoan cities were built on the coastline; they had irregular plans, with almost all of them being built with blocks, and the streets were paved, the cities also had drainage channels (McNeese 523). These cities, which included most cities of Crete were grouped around the palace or the market area, and, palaces dominated Minoan cities as well as Mycenaean cities . An example of Minoan cities is Knossos, which was also a palace, this city had an irregular plan, and it was surrounded by residential houses of the upper class, with a narrow alley separating them (Scarre, Stefoff 36). The Mycenaean cities, unlike the Minoan cities which were build on the coastline, were built on the hill steep or on acropolis, which are high plains. Bussagli, highlights that the Mycenaeans associated hills with status; the palace was the highest point. The Mycenaean cities, unlike the Minoan cities, had fortifications except for Tiryns and Mycenae; the fortified cities looked majestic with an array of courtyards, rooms positioned on one axis and staircases (Bussagli 69). The city of Tiryns is an example of Mycenaean cities; this city is situated on the southeast of Mycenae, and was built on a cliff that towered the plane of Argolis. The terrain of this city rises from north to south with the kings palace at the highest point. Language The Minoan civilization had many languages; the Minoan used a primitive hieroglyphic script during the Prepalatial period. According to Kristiansen and Larsson, later, during the Protopalatial period, they developed Linear A language, which they continued to use in the Neopalatial period; this language featured many symbols, and each symbol represented a number, a word or a syllable. Linear A was used in some religious functions as well as in record keeping (Kristiansen, Larsson 407). The Mycenaeans language was different from the Minoan; they conquered the Minoan and replaced Linear A with Linear B, which later evolved as the Modern Greek language. Conclusion The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations developed in different ways, lived in different times, but they have some similarities. The Mycenaean civilization customs, architecture, and the way of life were influenced by the Minoan civilization. The influence came after the Mycenaean defeated the Minoan; they lived and used Minoan workers over a long time, and this influenced their religion, their burial customs and the way they built their structures. As we have seen above their burial structures the tholos were similar, and the way they built their palaces was also similar. The two civilizations worshiped many gods, but the Minoan had only female gods. The similarities and differences show that although, Mycenaeans way of life was influenced by the Minoan, they still maintained their uniqueness. 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How the Media Contributes to Obesity in Children Research Proposal

How the Media Contributes to Obesity in Children - Research Proposal Example Many food advertisements feature less healthy foods with high sugar levels and low nutrients. In my research, I will also discuss the emerging tendency of food companies sponsoring children's programs. When children are persuaded by the adverts, they gain the capacity to influence their parents to make purchases of the advertised foods. I will also discuss how children have adopted a less active lifestyle of watching television without much physical activity. This contributes to the development of obesity as well. My purpose of developing this research paper will be presenting an argument on how increased exposure to the media, which is full of food advertisements, has contributed to the development of obesity in children. The audience for my research paper will be mainly my classmates as well as the professor. Recently, the media has been criticized for its increased adverse effects on the society. However, there is evidence that many people are still unaware of how children who continually watch television and spend time on other media forms are more susceptible to obesity. In order to develop an effective research paper that proves to be highly persuasive, I will indulge in a rigorous research, gathering information about obesity in children especially focusing on the statistics. I will consider both the positive and the negative sides of the media but narrow my focus to the complex relationships between increased hours interacting with the media and the increased susceptibility to obesity (Desrochers, Debra, and Holt 185). One of the sources authored by Desrochers and Holt prove to be highly intriguing because it introduced the issues of childhood obesity as a major health concern after the findings of the Institute of medicine in 2005. The research by these authors highlights how television advertisements have contributed to the rising cases of obesity (Desrochers, Debra, and Holt 190). Reports from the federal trade commission, which have compared the modern day statistics with those of the past when children were exposed to fewer advertisements highlighting that increasing food advertisements have contributed to the surging childhood obesity.

IN ADULT VENTILATED PATIENTS, WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CHLORHEXIDINE Essay

IN ADULT VENTILATED PATIENTS, WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CHLORHEXIDINE VERSUS TOOTH BRUSHING IN PREVENTING VENTILATOR RELATED LUNG - Essay Example The role of the critical care educator and the critical care nurse is to be aware that ventilator associated pneumonia impacts more people than just the patient; it also influences the patient’s family, and the institution in which care has been given. Through nursing intervention, ventilated patients may have a reduction in the rate of respiratory infections and a decreased length of hospitalization with an increase in the quality of life. Table of Content Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Problem Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Research Question†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Significance of Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Relevance to Nursing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Search Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Definitions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Coding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 Validity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 Recommendation for Nursing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Educating Nurses and Healthcare providers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Further research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...16 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.17 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 ATTACHMENTA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 ATTACHMENTB†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 a. Rapid Critical appraisal questions b. APACHEII/SORT In Adult Ventilated Patients, What are the effects of Chlorehexidine versus Tooth Brushing in Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia? The aim of this literature review is to assess the ways oral care affects adult ventilated patients and the development of hospital acquired pneumonia in comparison to no oral care in ventilated patients. Additionally, if oral care has a positive or negative effect on length of intensive care days, mortality and morbidity? Previous

Coping Strategies for Drought in Developing Countries Essay

Coping Strategies for Drought in Developing Countries - Essay Example These strategies include;- According to Bhattacharyya, (2004, p.5), market-assisted selection has been successfully used in terms of agriculture for several years. By involvingselection of a trait that measured with accuracy to establish a linkage with certain specific molecular markers and choosing the kind of specific markers required for use in genotyping, the perfect type of crop is produced. Studies have shown that timing of drought has a significant effect on the yield and rain fed conditions in semi-arid tropic areas. Moreover, Bhattacharyya, (2004, p.5) noted that, division of drought in regard to time (flowering, pre-flowering and terminal drought), including its effects on the yield of components, highlights complexity of breeding in crops that are crop resistance. Plant technology has a good track-record of providing farmers with benefits in developing countries. In reference to Leary (2008, p.154), even though most current genetically modified crops are developed by private in most industrialized countries, 90% of the farmers who use them are actually in the developing countries.Genetically modified crops have increased tolerance to abiotic strains, where genes that are responsible for the osmotic adjustment have been successfully introduced to sorghum especially in India. Similar work has also been initiated on green gram and black gram (Merriman (1993, p.106).the process of genetic mutation is like in the following diagram: Another option of introducing drought tolerance is the use of tissue culture and wide crossing methods, for example cross roughing the tolerant pearl millet crop with another high yielding species of a cereal crop with an aim of creating new drought tolerant and high-yielding hybrid species.According to studies conducted by (Jamal2007, p.24), there has been a major success in a similar strategy that involves creating a new rye/wheat hybrid species of triticale.Mutation breeding is

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Oil and gas exploration and production activities have increased tremendously as petroleum has become the backbone of the worlds economy. The industry has expanded significantly throughout the world. As the oil and gas industry enlarges throughout the world, its impacts on lives and environment have been appalling. Numerous spills, fires, toxic emissions, blowouts and personnel injuries have been recorded in recent times in the oil industry. The most recent one is the Macondo disaster with its tragic loss of life, devastating impact on the Gulf Coast and financial loss to the companies involved. Culpable companies have lost billions of dollars due to lawsuits, compensations and oil spill clean-ups. This has led to some oil companies collapsing and others suffering credibility loss in the industry. Concerns about how HSE flaws are killing people, damaging properties, polluting the environment and killing businesses have been raised by stakeholders, workers and the general public. New reforms have been made with regulators making HSE a business case for companies more especially small-to medium- sized companies. Managers of these small to medium companies must have a company policy of achieving environmental and business goals through HSE. Legislation should be made with full compliance by both employers and employees. There should be performance monitoring and continual improvement in these policies. However, the success of whichever process or system in place still hinges on the attitudes and behaviours of people in the company[Health safety Executive, 2011]. This report elaborates on the need to incorporate HSE into business and describes how good HSE management system could be implemented by small- to medium- sized oil businesses. 1.0 Introduction The major aim of employing HSE in business is to take advanced precautions against workplace accidents, environmental impacts as well as financial losses due to accidents and environmental pollutions. A companys attitude towards HSE affects the workforce, surrounding environment and business productivity. The decision to integrate HSE into business is a high level policy direction of a company. Many businesses adopted this tool and have made tremendous gains. It is on this premises that this report seeks to highlight the need for small- to medium- size oil companies to inccorparate HSE into business irrespective of the cost. The report also describes how HSE management systems could be implemented. Small-to medium-sized companies should not see spending money on HSE as expensive add on to companys budget but a profitable investment. These companies should forecast the benefits that could be reaped in future. This analysis will give an opportunity to compare the financial costs involved in the implementation of HSE management systems and benefits reaped after implementation. The method of HSE implementation should be understandable and practical to all the people that are affected by these systems. An important necessity is that, the management systems at all levels must be clearly defined in a written document that is available to all. 2.0 Discussion Small to medium size Oil Companies should integrate HSE into business as bottom-line of business success. Managers must first consider the economic influence that accidents and environmental pollutions have on the business before taking this decision. 2.1 Costs versus Benefit Managers have to analyse how much it will cost the business to introduce HSE management system and the cost of accident or environmental pollution if it occurred. The cost of implementing HSE management systems could be high. Indeed running a good HSE systems come with higher costs. These costs should be seen as investment but not liabilities because the business turns to gain greatly if the objectives of running such systems are achieved. Cost and benefit analysis on the implementation of HSE management systems will always prove that safety is good business [Offshore Contractors Association, 2003] 2.2 Objectives of HSE in Business HSE is incorporated into business with the aim of: A safer working environment Improved morale and motivation amongst workers A healthier working environment Increased performance levels Avoiding civil claims, court fines and litigations Reducing insurance cost Reducing sickness and accidents Reducing impacts to the environment. Improving public image Increasing growth Conforming to standards and regulations in the industry. [OCA, 2003] 2.3 Health, Safety and Environment Management System HSE Management systems ensure that HSE issues are systematically identified, controlled and monitored within the business. 2.4 Policy Proper HSE management require an HSE policy statement, stating the companys commitment to the health and safety of workers as well the environment. Management must demonstrate high commitment to this framework, setting HSE in perspective with business objectives. The policy statement should serve as the foundation for the implementation of the HSE management system. It should be the basis of any HSE decisions and actions. Employers and employees must understand this framework and what is require of them in order to realise the business targets. To make the HSE policy effective, management and employees must be committed to it. The policy statement should outline the obligations and answerability of management and supervisors as well as employees. The policy must be subjected to continual review. HSE program has to be developed to meet the objectives and commitments of the HSE policy. 2.5 Hazards Identification and Risk Assessment To ensure that HSE becomes a business culture, management must develop structures and systems which are intended to control risk based on hazard identification and risk assessment. Anything or practices that have the potential to harm life, health, environment and properties should be identified. Some hazards are easily identifiable because they are common to the industry where as others are not. Managers must involve the employees in the hazards identification because they are the people which are affected directly by these hazards. They should enquire from them which of the machines, equipment, procedures and practices endanger their lives. They should also consult environmental specialists to know which of their actions and operations pose dangers to the environment. Managers should check through workplace accident records to find out which of the companys operations have been causing injuries and fatalities over the years. Identified hazards must be assessed to know the seriousness of each one of them and measures to control these hazards should be decided. Controlling the risks associated with these identified hazards, reduce ill health and accidents at the work place. Managers and employees should continually look for hazards at the workplace because some hazards are only discovered with time such as sicknesses caused by long- term exposure to certain radiations and chemicals. The hazards discovered must be ranked as being High, Medium or Low to know the best action to take in each case. 2.6 Risk Management and Implementation Measures have to be adopted to get rid of hazards or minimize them. For example if risk involves hazardous chemicals, it should be replaced with an alternative chemical less harmful. In other cases, the use of alternative work methods, design improvements, change of process can eliminate the risk. Management should involve employees in the entire process of risk management. They should ask workers of any possible solution before it is implemented. They should check that, the measures taking do not cause any new unforeseen hazards. 2.7 Measuring performance The degree of success of the HSE management systems should be established. Management should evaluate the systems to know if the objectives of implementation is being realised. Performance measuring would help management to collect and analyse information about flaws in the HSE management systems. Injuries and accidents should be investigated thoroughly to know their cause. Measures should be made to prevent such accidents and injuries from occurring again. Management should make sure there is regular check on safety equipment to make sure all these are functioning well. If a flaw is detected in any of the safety equipment, it should be repaired or replaced with a new one. 2.8 Reviewing performance and auditing Auditing gives management the opportunity to collect information on the efficiency, effectiveness and reliability of the HSE management system. Auditing enable management to ensure that companys policy is being carried out and the desired impact is being made. There should be regular auditing to assess the systems to know the level of success chalk with the implementation of the system. Any poor practise uncovered should be dealt with. 3.0 Justification/Benefits of HSE It really makes a good business sense to invest in HSE initiatives because the returns are enormous. HSE initiatives protect business from financial losses linked to safety and environmental problems. Lawsuits or fines emanating from accidents are avoided. Such cost can impose an enormous burden on the business. For example, HSE mismanagement led to the death of 15 workers and 108 people in the march 2005, Texas City refinery blast. The CBSs,2007 investigation report highlighted safety culture, regulatory oversight, process safety metrics and human factor as the main cause of the disaster. The report also states that Cost cutting and failure to invest in the 1990s by Amoco and then BP left the Texas City refinery vulnerable to a catastrophe [National Wildlife Federations report, 2010] Many businesses which suffer major accidents struggle to remain in business and usually end up collapsing or trading their assets off. The Texas Refinery after the blast struggled to come back to operation due to huge financial burden on the company. Eventually, the refinery was sold to Marathon Petroleum Corporation in October 2012. Safety and health of workers yield quality output which translates to higher productivity and profit because lost work time due to sick leaves, absenteeism is significantly reduced. HSE in business increases morale of workers because if workers do not encounter frequent accidents at workplace, it motivates them to give their best output. Contrary, they will adopt a lukewarm attitude towards work if injuries are common in their working environment. Most workers would move to other companies because they feel unsafe. Company may lose competent workers and will impact negatively on productivity. There is also a reputation gain associated with good HSE records leading to business growth. A good reputation invites and retains clients. It makes a company enjoy repeat business from existing clients and also win new contracts ahead of their competitors. 4.0 Conclusion Small to medium sized oil companies in their attempt to grow business to a larger one should make Health, Safety and Environment initiatives, the prime item on their list of initiatives to achieve business goals. They should be concerned with the health and safety of workforce as well as the impacts the business makes on the environment, because the occurrence of a major accident would be detrimental. The financial consequences of an accident coupled with the associated business disruption could force a heavy burden on the company. Some larger companies have suffered this in the past and could not survive. If any smaller company thinks, integrating and managing HSE systems in business is expensive, let them try accidents. Small to medium sized oil companies should know that prevention of accidents and pollutions is not only better but cheaper than cure. WORD COUNT: 1,820 References ALLAN, J.H., 1999. Health and Safety at Work. Fifth edition. Leicestershire: IOSH and IOSH Services Limited. WATERHOUSE P.,2002. Health and safety: Risk Management. second edition. Leicestershire: IOSH Services Limited. OFFSHORE CONTRACTING ASSOCIATION, 2003. Guidance Notes of Good Contracting Practice- HSE Guidance for SMEs.[online].Aberdeen: OCA. Available from: http:/www.ocainternet.com/publications/HSEguidanceforSMEs.pdf [Accessed 14 November 2012]. GREENSTREET, B., 2004. The development of case studies that demonstrate the business benefit of effective management of occupational health and safety: Research report 249,.[online]. Reading: Health Safety Executive. Available from: http:/www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr249.pdf [Accessed 12th November 2012] CHEMICAL SAFETY BOARD, 2007. Investigation Report-refinery explosion and fire.Reportno.2005-04-I-TX. [online]. Texas: CSBAvailable from:http:/www.csb.gov/assets/documents/CSBFinalReportBP.pdf. [Assessed 10th November 2012]. NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDRATION, 2010. Assault on America: A Decade of Petroleum Company Disaster, Pollution and Profit. [online]. US: NWF Available from: http:/www.motherjones.com/files/NWF_OilSpillsExplosions_pages.pdf [Accessed 19 November 2012]. HEALTH SAFETY EXECUTIVE, 2011. Huntsman Petrochemical.[online] UK: HSE. Available from:http:/www.hse.gov.uk/business/casestudy/huntsman.htm [Accessed 20 November 2012]. HEALTH SAFETY AND EXECUTIVE, 2011. Health and Safety made simple- The basics for your business. [online]. UK:HSE.  Available from:http:/www.hse.gov.uk/simple-health-safety/ [Accessed 30 October 2012]. MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION, 2012. Marathon Petroleum to purchase BPs Texas City Refinery [online] Ohio:MPC.  Available from:http://www.marathonpetroleum.com/News/Press_Releases/Press_Release/?id=1742579[Accessed 2nd November 2012]

Loneliness and Isolation in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frank

Throughout time man has been isolated from people and places. One prime example of isolation is Adam, "the man [formed] from the dust of the ground [by the Lord God]" (Teen Study Bible, Gen. 2.7). After committing the first sin he secludes "from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken" (Teen Study Bible, Gen. 3.23). This isolation strips Adam from his protection and wealth the garden provides and also the non-existence of sin. Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, is able to relate to the story of Adam and the first sin to help her character, the Creature, associate with Adam. The Creature is able to relate because "[l]ike Adam, [he is] apparently united by no link to any other being in existence" (Shelley 124). In other ways the creator of the creature, Victor Frankenstein, also identifies with the tale of the first human, but with a different character, God. "God created man in his own image" (Teen Study Bible, Gen. 1.27) and unlike Frankens tein "God saw all that he had made, and it was very good" (Teen Study Bible, Gen. 1.31). Frankenstein brought a life into the world but did not take the responsibility to lead and guide his creature to benefit himself or the created. Unlike God's creature who did in turn prosper. Instead of prosperity Frankenstein receives a life of loneliness and responsibility of many unnecessary deaths. The Creature, like his creator, lives his life in isolation from society. His only goal is to be loved and accepted by those around him. Through these circumstances the effects of isolation and loneliness are brought to life by the creature and the creator thought their pasts, social statuses, emotions, and dreams and fantasies. A pe... ...st occurrences, as Adam did. Each character leads the reader to believe he may not have reached his end if he were not in seclusion. Works Cited Abbey, Cherie D., ed. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Vol. 14. Kansas City, MO: Gale Research, 1987. Draper, James P., ed. World Literature Criticism. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. Goldberg, M.A. "Moral and Myth in Mrs. Shelley's Frankenstein." Keats-Shelley Journal 7 (1958): 27-38. Schoene-Harwood, Berthold, ed. Columbia Critical Guides: Mary Shelley Frankenstein. New York: Columbia UP, 2000. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Signet, 1994. Teen Study Bible. Jean E. Syswerda, ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1993. Telgen, Diane, ed. Novels for Students. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Wolf, Leonard. The Annotated Frankenstein. New York: Leonard Wolf, 1977.

Iron Lab Report Essay

From my background knowledge, the iron present which is elemental iron in the cornflakes is harder to absorb than either two . This is also supported by the Absorption rate gotten from the results section (table 2,: percentage mass of Fe2+ ) it is seen that the absorption rate of the Fortified cereal is 7. 33% while that of the iron tablet and the beef liver are 15. 23% and 21. 80% respectively. According to Ironrichfood. org, absorption of haeme iron from meat proteins is efficient, and it ranges from 15% to 35%, and is not significantly affected by diet. In contrast, 2% to 20% of nonhaeme iron in plant foods such as rice, maize, black beans, soybeans and wheat is absorbed. Nonhaeme iron absorption is significantly influenced by various food components. The Absorption rate of the Iron in the Iron tablet is lesser than that of the beef liver (as seen in Table. 2) because the iron content in the tablet is less absorbable by the body. This is to say that Natural source of iron are quickly absorbed than artificial source of iron by the body However taking iron supplements sometimes cause side-effects such as constipation, diarrhea or heartburn. Sometimes these supplements are over taken thereby leading to Iron toxicity which occurs on the absorption of excessive quantities of ingested iron. This severe overdose causes impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which can result in cellular death. The liver is one of the organs most affected by iron toxicity, but other organs such as the heart, kidneys, lungs, and the hematologic systems also may be impaired. Iron supplements should not be taken along side calcium supplements however taking foliate with iron supplement will provide maximum benefits. Taking supplements although they seem to have side effects are used widely in medicine to iron–deficiency anemia, and it’s also given to pregnant women in their second or third trimester (because the body uses up more than normal to sustain both mother and baby), its usually given with folic acid so to avoid Iron corrosion that occurs due to the damage cells of the duodenum not being able to absorb the iron thereby causing iron overload leading to gastro intestinal corrosion. No justifiable conclusion could be made from these experiment because the results gotten from this experiment were not totally credible as the experiment was prone to a few errors, these errors that could have occurred to bias the results include errors from reading the volume of MnO4 in the burette as the meniscus could not be seen clearly thus we had to look at the top of the liquid which introduced errors, also the air oxygen error, Misjudging the equivalence point, and failure to transfer all the prepared solution for titration. Owing to these errors, are the reasons for any deviation in the result of this experiment, however in the future modifications will be made to reduce or annul these errors, modifications such as: accurately measuring the weights, rightly judging the equivalence point, in general, care should be taken throughout the experiment to reduce possibility of errors.

Hrm/300 Managment Overview

Human Resource Management Overview University of Phoenix HRM/300 November 14, 2012 Human Resource Management Overview Organizations require people to run everyday operations, which mean every organization needs human resource management. Today’s paper will discuss what human resource management is, and its primary function within an organization. Every organization has a strategic plan, and human resource management play a critical role in the implementation and production of that plan. Last, will discuss the role of human resource management in an organization’s strategic planning.What is Human Resource Management? According to Reed (2012), from the University of North Carolina Wilmington, Human resource management or HRM, assist in the development and education of people within the organization. The world is constantly changing and evolving each day. Human resource management must understand many aspects of society and the world to properly prepare an organization for those changes. For example, those changes could be: Globalization, technology, workforce diversity, labor shortages, continuous improvement initiatives, etc†¦ Primary Function of HRMThere are many functions of HRM within an organization. However, the primary function of HRM is to increase the effectiveness and contribution ability of its employees, while attaining the goals and objectives of the organization. This could include continuing education, department cross-training, certification processes, diversity training, etc†¦ (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). As stated in the aforementioned paragraph, HRM has many roles within an organization. Some of these roles include compensation, benefits, training and development, employee relations, recruiting, and hiring process.Based on the broad spectrum of responsibilities for HRM, it is crucial for one to behold solid communication skills and decision-making capabilities. One may argue it is also critical to behold strong analytical skills and critical thought processes. These are skills one needs to stay competitive in today’s business world (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). HRM’s Role in an Organization’s Strategic Plan After generations of arguing, there is still an ongoing debate about the role HRM play in an organization’s strategic planning process. Some senior management believes HRM’s role is solely as a compliance function.Other senior management looks to HRM as a consultative service. No matter one’s stance on this debate, there is no denying the impact HRM has on the strategic plan of an organization (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). HRM professionals continue to fight for the proverbial â€Å"seat at the table† in this debate. HRM has nothing to worry about in most organizations. Successful organizations rarely develop a strategy involving human capital without the consideration of HRM. Even more important, no strategic plan is successful without effective recruiti ng, deployment, and development of human capital.This is exactly why HRM should have a â€Å"seat at the table† at all times (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). HRM provides value at every level of the strategic planning cycle by demonstrating knowledge, alignment, success, and vision of the organization. HRM must recruit each candidate that best fits the needs of the business. If the business is suffering or needs improvements in a specific area, HRM will recruit to fill that position based on specific criteria the business is looking for to further advance its position within the competitive market.If HRM does not function at a high level within this one function, the entire business is at risk (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). Conclusion Exploiting opportunities and identifying goals are the two most important aspects of strategic planning. HRM plays a critical role during this process, while limiting and considering all associated risks. HRM helps align goals and initiatives while aligni ng all necessary resources to deliver the desired results of its key stakeholders. HRM should be involved in every step of every process. If one can execute successfully these uiding principles throughout each phase of strategic planning, one’s future is bright. Involving HRM will strengthen the position of the strategy by providing fact-based insight to stakeholders. In time, HRM will align the necessary resources to achieve the initiatives and goals of management and the strategic plan. References DeCenzo, D. , & Robbins, S. (2007). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (9th ed. ). John Wiley and Sons. Reed, D. (2012). University of North Carolina Wilmington. What is human resource management. Retrieved from http://uncw. edu/career/humanresources. html

Obesity and How Society views it

Obesity and How Society views it Throughout the human history, weight gain and fat storage have been seen the signs of fertility and prosperity. Currently, due to the rise of living standards, excess weight and obesity are posing a growing threat to health in many countries around the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Obesity and How Society views it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obesity is a chronic disease that prevails in both developed and developing countries and affects children as well as adults. This problem is urgent to the extent that it replaces more traditional public health concerns including infectious disease and malnutrition as negative depositors to person’s health. In addition, as obesity is the major risk factor for other chronic and non-communicable diseases, it is just a matter of time before the same high mortality rates for such diseases will be viewed in developing countries. The same rates existed in industrialized countries 20 years ago thought having good developed market economies (Takrouni, 2008). Finally, obesity is referred to as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation to an extent that human health may be affected (Takrouri, 2008). Statement thesis Obesity is a serious disease that is being heavily discussed in the United States and is contributing to the development of other chronic conditions and dangerous disorders. The weight excess influences the organism and provokes heart diseases and disorders of blood-vascular system. The weight gain also provides a considerable stress on other organs and, therefore, weakens the immune system of the organism. However, there are cases when excess weight is the outcome of genetic heredity, which is often serves as a viable excuse for obese people. Therefore, there is the necessity to shatter all the myths and to make people lead a healthy life style. The Epidemic of Obesity It is undeniable that the epidemic of obesity has no social , economic, technologic, and geographic boundaries. This especially matters as the skyrocketing rates of this disease are closely associated with metabolic syndrome affecting the rate of mortality and morbidity of obesity. Approximately, two hundred and seventy million (270,000,000) people in the world are considered to be obese and the number is assumed to reach three hundred and fifty million (350,000,000) in coming 2026 (Kushner and Bessesen, 2007, p. 100). The problem of the excess weight has become more urgent in the United States during the last three decades. In particular, one third of adults are obese.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What is more deplorable is that this obesity proliferation has no gender, age, and racial distinctions (Kushner and Bessesen, 2007, p. 100). The more significant concern is connected with the impetuous growth of the chil dhood obesity. The statistics counts that the United States has each sixth child suffering from obesity (Kushner and Bessesen, 2007, p. 100). Obesity is considered to cause major impacts on the health care costs, economic costs, and social costs because its swift growth has almost outstripped the HIV/AIDS. To be more precise, 2005 witnessed about 75 % of American people suffering from HIV/AIDS and almost 86 % are the victims of excessive weight (Mooney et al., 2008, p. 42). Therefore, apart from preventive measures of obesity, which are viable solutions for assisting in slowing down the rates of disease, there should be some alternative and effective methods of treatment. This can be achieved through government research and implementation of scientific projects aimed at facilitating the public education on issues concerning obesity. Proper treatment to those who are already suffering from obesity should be administered and proper care given so as to assist them to overcome the probl em of excess weight. Obesity management needs urgent attention, especially in rural areas. Health care services should be decentralized to local areas for easier access to all people who need them. Therefore, these individuals should be seriously targeted for treatment to prevent obesity proliferation in the United States. There is also the necessity to create awareness of the disease as a major health problem because government and some health care systems pay insufficient attention to it. Obesity as a Disease Apart from genetics, most cases of patient’s obesity are the outcome of unhealthy food intake and actual lifestyle. There are few people who think over the reasons of such chronic diseases as heart failure, diabetes, and asthma are excess weigh and careless attitude to the food allowance. Taking into consideration the weight issues, the above chronic disorders can be considered as symptoms. Therefore, the obesity is the root of all problems that should be eliminated im mediately. According to statistics, â€Å"even with improved management of comorbidities associated with obesity, the estimated number of excess death in 2000 association with obesity was 111.909† (McKnight, 2005, p.1) With regard to the above, a healthy life style, culture of food consumption and human behavior are the main pillars of healthy existence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Obesity and How Society views it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why when buying food and other product, people should stick the appropriate rules. However, the lack of education and proliferation of food culture still leaves much to be desired. In addition, people should stop spending money on weight loss products but spend more on the processes of developing health actions, behavior, and eliminating poor lifestyles (Finkelstein et al., 2003) Other Chronic Conditions That Make It Hard To Overcome Obesity The occurrence of chronic disorders is difficult to eliminate for a person who tries to reduce or improve when they have excess weight. Such chronic disorders include the heart disease causing many lethal outcomes, particularly among the American population. Arthrosclerosis is another chronic condition emerging as a result of obesity problems, diabetes, and genetics inheritance. The presented complications aggravate the process of treatment considerably (DeBruyne et al., 2007, p. 372). In addition to the above-defined chronic conditions, there are some other factors hampering obesity treatment. It should be admitted that obesity prevention and therapy should be carried out with the help of effective strategies and, therefore, common measures are not likely to be implemented. Hence, it is necessary to consider all risk factors, future complications that might occur as well as side effects. Therefore, these chronic diseases are major stumbling blocks for people suffering from obesity. Typ es of Illness Relating to Obesity and Consequences of Stigma Cardiovascular, hypertension, mortality diabetes, and breathing difficulties are related with obesity. Sometimes obesity does not have a negative impact on health. But it might cause stress, anxiety, loss of self-esteem, and depression. This is excess weight affects both the health and the psychological status of a person (Ross, 2003). Attention to obese people has spread worldwide due to high and shocking rates of obesity and its health problems particularly in the United States of America. Obese people experience stigma and discrimination leading to serious consequences for their emotional and psychological health. More importantly, obesity stigma is experienced in all aspects of person`s life because such people are poorly treated by their counterparts at work and other social spheres. The state of being obese makes people lazy, passive and indifferent to life; they might even lose the sense of existence. This is especi ally typical of people with inferiority complex that often develops among people suffering from excess weight. Before considering the stigma of weight, it is necessary to study the phenomenon of stereotypes that serves as the basic condition for obesity biases. According to Brownell (2005), â€Å"the content of all stereotypes varies along two dimension of more and less socially desirable traits: warmth and competence† (p. 111).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such theoretical model closely relates to stigma of obesity. Hence, the content of stereotypes mentioned above can be applied to obese individuals because such people can commonly react to the presented factors. However, this particular bias is more concerned with the issues of controllability and visibility. It is proved that the problem of excess weight is a negative stigma because is visible and treated to be controllable (Browneell, 2005, p. 111). Arising from the above, there is an assumption that negative perception of excess weight can create negative reactions and stereotypes which, in their turn, provoke people’s resentment and contempt Obese adults who experience stigma have developed high rates of social isolation because they feel like they are not accepted by the society. Social reluctance to accept such people cultivates the lack of self esteem and refusal to socialize with people agreed with the stereotype frames. Another consequence of stigma is that it leads to a negative consequence of poor eating behaviors or habits such as overeating by some people in response to stigmatizing encounters (Richards, 2009). Problems Encountered by Doctors When Treating the Obese Patients Obesity is an important clinical issue that can not be ignored. Therefore, it needs provision of professional and critical health care services directed at improving the health of the population in the United States. Unfortunately, the health care centers are full of insensitivity and judgment toward the obese people creating difficulties and limits for treatment. The main problem encountered by the doctors is lack of understanding and appropriate ethical treatment. For instance, the doctor may unintentionally communicate some form of discrimination that may negatively affect the client’s care and hence preventing him/her from visiting the healthcare centers in future. Therefore, irrelevant treatment can prevent doctors from prescribing the right medical and trea tment procedure for their patients (Kaplan, 1999). Obesity, a Global Problem and Its Effect on Children and Women Obesity has been rated among the increasing epidemics in developed countries and rapid spread in developing countries. In the United States, approximately 125 million grown-ups have problems with weight, 70 million citizens are experiencing obesity and around 10 million have severe obesity problems (Ogden, 2010). Childhood and women obesity is also on the peak in the United States. This ration of population, hence, has a greater probability of diabetes mellitus development and hypertension rise that increases the risk of acquiring heart diseases and other chronic diseases associated with obesity (Ogden, 2010). The weight of these children enhances bulling and discrimination by other children who have normal weights thus ruining their self–esteem. Today`s children belong to a generation that is full with computer games and television therefore, they have less time to exercise or even go out to play some outdoor games which encourage physical exercises. A part from watching and playing video games, food is readily available at any time they feel like eating (Coakley, 1999). Preventive Measures to Overcome Obesity Parents need to be the role models of their children by insisting on benefits of exercise and well balanced diets. This can be achieved through creating of healthy playing environments by carrying out regular physical exercises like cycling, taking a walk together and swimming activities. Parents need to motivate their children so that they can participate fully in sports and dances and pay attention to physical exercises and even enjoy doing it (Christopher, 2003). Implementation of food culture will help a great deal in obesity reduction and elimination. This can be achieved by preparing and eating the food together as a family and creating new ways to reward children for work well done like talking them out on shopping trips other than making for them fatty foods. Health care providers should offer improved services to their patients through the improvement of physical and social environment of health care settings. For example, they should provide bathrooms, which heavier clients can easily accept, have meeting rooms that have large exam tables and blood pressure cuffs with good size and reading materials that do not imply discriminative context (Coakley, 1999). They should also try to improve their interpersonal interactions with the obese clients through being sensitive in everything they do and communicate to them to avoid embarrassing situation during the treatment process. They should avoid any judgmental comments and instead offer encouragement on the objectives of heath and fitness actions. The victims of the obese problem should be encouraged to take the stigmatization encounters in a positive manner and use that as their stepping stone to overcome the problem rather than to accept the given situatio n and doing nothing to rectify the situation at hand. Depression and stress contribute nothing to weight reduction but deprives away a person’s self esteem and happiness. Thus, these people need to wake up and find solutions to their issues immediately to avoid early deaths (Barry, 2007). The chart presented below provides an explicit, comparative analysis of the actual situation in the United States: Obesity Share by Nation The given statistics provided by Consumer shows that the United States have on of the highest obesity level. Conclusion Prevention of obesity would result into maximized burden of heart problems and, therefore, it will play a big role in reducing the health care budget. Through the reduction of obesity, other diseases associated with it will also decrease. Therefore, problem of obesity should be given much attention and serious preventive measures should be implemented so that the disease could be treated or prevented. A good obesity prevention program s hould include balanced diet, exercises, and active involvement of parents and guardians in these programs. Apart from local measures this problem should be presented at the international level because other countries (developing in particular) should also be engaged in the solution searching process. Hence, the world government should think about effective strategies of economic and social improvement to insure people with a sufficient level of living. Finally, it is necessary to pay attention to ethical and moral aspects when treating obese people. Reference List Barry, L. (2007).Heart Care for Life: Developing the Program That Works best for him/her. Yale: Yale University Press. Brownell, K. D. (2005). Weight bias: Nature, Consequences, and Remedies. US: Guilford Press. Christopher, K. (2003). A community-based obesity prevention program for minority Children: rationale and study design for Hip-Hop to Health. US: Harvard University Press. Coakley, E. (1999). The Disease Burden Ass ociated with Overweight and Obesity. New York: Must and company. DeBruyne, L. K., Pinna, K., and Whitney, E. N. (2007). Nutrition and Diet Therapy. US: Cengage Learning. Finkelstein E. A., Fiebelkorn, I. C., and Wang, G. (2003) .National medical spending attributable to overweight and obesity: How much, and whos paying .Chicago: Finkelstein. Kaplan, J. (1999). Caloric imbalance and public health policy. US: JAMA. Kushner, R. F, and Bessesen, D. H. (2007). Treatment of the obese patient. US: Springer. McKnight, L. (2005). Obesity management in family practice. Germany: Birkhuser. Mooney, L. A., Knox, D. and Schacht, C. (2008). Understanding Social Problems. US: Cengage Learning. Ogden, J. (2010). The Experience of Obese and the Many Consequences of Stigma. Journal of Obesity. Richards, L. (2009). Poor Quality of Obesity Care in the U.S. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 5(6), p. 291. Web. Ross, A. (2003).Obesity: etiology, assessment, treatment, and prevention. New York: Human Kinetics. Takrouri, M. S. (2008). Editorial: Obesity is a Spreading Modern Life Health Problem. The Internet Journal of Health. Web.

Beach Wedding Dresses Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beach Wedding Dresses - Article Example The researcher states that Sabino points out the fact that it is important to select a beach wedding dress with care. She explains that a long flowing wedding dress is not very practical for a bride who aspires to have a wedding on the beach. Instead, a comfortable hip dress that will exactly fit just right for the casual romantic wedding taking place with waves dancing near the beach, the sun setting on the horizon, and on golden sands would be a perfect choice. In view of the fact that a beach wedding is more informal as opposed to a traditional church wedding, one should choose a style that agrees with the ambiance. While selecting a beach wedding dress, one should not compromise on glamour but should keep it stylish and sleek. This also applies for the groom as well as their party – for a beach wedding, an informal affair is usually the best because of the sun, tuxedos and the sand do not match with formal attire. They should, therefore, go for light-weight natural fibers. As Reilley advises, one can choose a dress with a halter neck, strapless top or spaghetti straps. These are ideal for tanned shoulders’ show off. Alternatively, one can settle on flowing sleeves to provide shelter from the heat. Another option ideal for a beach wedding would be a simple sundress in soft chiffon or linen embroidered with classic or embroidery beads. Making a wedding dress elegant and simple works wonders for a beach wedding. One can choose a-line pattern or a low waist style. If one chooses a very much informal style, she can choose simpler beach wedding dresses in tropical or floral prints. If one is more audacious, she can even go for a bikini and accompany it with a dressy sarong. Since climates at the beaches tend to be windy, one should ensure that the beach wedding gown and hat are secured properly. White, the traditional attire for brides, is appropriate - it blends well with surf and the sand. In place of conventional tiaras, one can go for floral gar lands or head wreaths.